Tuesday, August 30, 2016

Dinesh Kamath's news 'Most accidents occurring in city are related to two wheelers, city police always on the lookout for mo-bike riders without helmets' that was published in Newsband

Most accidents occurring in city are related to two wheelers
City police always on the lookout for mo-bike riders without helmets
By Dinesh Kamath


NAVI MUMBAI: The Navi Mumbai police is always on the lookout for bikers and pillion riders (male/female) without helmets just to impose fines on them so that they don’t commit the mistake of not wearing helmets. Most of the accidents that took place in the last few months were related to two-wheelers. There were quite many deaths and injuries of occupants of two wheelers. The head injuries caused by such accidents can ruin the life of a person.
When a system of imposing fines on occupants of mo-bike without helmets was introduced the number of accidents involving two wheelers did reduce considerably but not totally. This encouraged the state government to increase the penalty for not wearing helmets hoping that this would totally eliminate the occurrence of accidents.
The city police are trying all possible methods to prevent accidents caused by not wearing helmets. They have held seminars at various places in Navi Mumbai to create awareness among the mo-bike riders about the kind of dangers they might face if they didn’t wear helmets. Since the students are involved in most of the traffic violations, such kinds of seminars were held in colleges too. The city police also carries out campaigns against traffic violations from time to time so that the mo-bike riders always remain alert and not avoid wearing helmets in order to escape from being fined.
An official in traffic department said, “We need an expert to come up with statistical trends and normalized indicators of road accidents, injuries & fatalities. There is need to highlight trends, indicators, interstate comparisons and the latest characteristics of road traffic accidents in the city. Both road traffic fatality data and injury data need to be worked out. After that the policies on injury prevention and safety must be based on local evidence and research. Health professionals and their professional bodies across wide disciplines need to take an initiative for the same with active commitment. A Road Traffic Accident (RTA) can be defined as, 'An event that occurs on a way or street open to public traffic; resulting in one or more persons being injured or killed, where at least one moving vehicle is involved. Thus RTA is a collision between vehicles; between vehicles and pedestrians; between vehicles and animals; or between vehicles and geographical or architectural obstacles.' Road traffic accidents are a human tragedy. They involve high human suffering and socioeconomic costs in terms of premature deaths, injuries, loss of productivity, and so on.”
A world magazine revealed “During 2008, Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) ranked fourth among the leading causes of death in the world. Nearly 1.3 million people die every year on the world's roads and 20 to 50 million people suffer non-fatal injuries, with many sustaining a disability as a result of their injury. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years and cost countries 1-3% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Ninety-one percent of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, even though these countries have approximately half of the world's vehicles. Half of those dying on the world's roads are 'vulnerable road users': Pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Only 28 countries, representing 416 million people (7% of the world's population), have adequate laws that address all five behavioural risk factors (speed, drink-driving, helmets, seat-belts, and child restraints). If no action is taken, road traffic crashes are predicted to result in the deaths of around 1.9 million people annually by 2020. Hence the goal of the United Nations' Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011- 2020 is to save five million lives.”
Not only in Navi Mumbai but in entire India, the motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population growth. The surge in motorization coupled with expansion of the road network has brought with it the challenge of addressing adverse factors such as the increase in road accidents. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic injuries are the sixth leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, deaths, disabilities and socio-economic losses in the young and middle-aged population. Road traffic injuries also place a huge burden on the health sector in terms of pre-hospital and acute care and rehabilitation.
The Navi Mumbai traffic authorities might find the following publications useful to come up with ways and means to prevent road accidents:
'Road Accidents in India' is an annual publication of the Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India. The Transport Research Wing is the nodal agency for providing information data on various facets of roads and road transport. This report presents information on various aspects of road accidents in the country during the calendar year. The information is collected from the Police Departments of the respective States/Union Territories (UTs) in the 19-item format devised under the Asia Pacific Road Accident Data (APRAD)/Indian Road Accident Data (IRAD) project of the United Nations' Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN-ESCAP).
 'Road Transport Year Book' is another annual publication of the Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India. The Transport Research Wing collects and compiles data on the registered motor vehicles from States/UTs and presents the information in this report.
 'Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India' is an annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. This report contains comprehensive statistics on a range of aspects with regard to deaths due to accidents and suicides. The National Crime Records Bureau only compiles and collates the data obtained through the State/UT Police and presents the information in the form of this report.
These reports fulfil a wide variety of data requirements of all the stakeholders like policy makers, police leadership at various levels, transport departments, road safety professionals, researchers, academia, media, NGOs and others.
Expansion in the road network, a surge in motorization and the rising population contribute toward the increasing numbers of road accidents, road accident injuries and road accident fatalities.
The major human factors that contribute to the potency of road accident causation include drunken drivers, indecisiveness, fatigue, distraction, and confusion. In addition, in most of the cases the drivers are found to be inexperienced, risk takers, impulsive, aggressive, casual and unaware of the road signals. Driver's fault could be the single-most important factor responsible for accidents.
The spectrum of injuries from road crashes varies from instant death to those requiring only first aid. The most common sources of RTI data are from police and hospitals. The majority of deaths are reported to the police due to their medico-legal nature, prosecution concerns, and compensation needs. A few deaths and a majority of injuries are not reported to the police due to several reasons. Even though every healthcare institution provides care for RTI patients, details of RTIs are not clearly available, due to the poor information system.

To be effective, policies on injury prevention and safety must be based on local evidence and research, and designed to suit the social, political, and economic circumstances. As a result, strategies to increase research itself must develop alongside steps to stimulate policymakers and practitioners to demand and use research evidence. Strengthening and undertaking research on the public health burden and impact, understanding the risk factors, characteristics of trauma, and measuring the impact of interventions through well-designed public health and clinical research methods (trauma registry, surveillance programs, hospital- and population-based studies etc.) is the need of the hour. Health professionals and their professional bodies across wide disciplines need to take an initiative for the same, with active commitment. 

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