Journalism
ethics
Today is the sixth anniversary of daily
newspaper Newsband and 16th anniversary of its weekly supplement ‘In
New Bombay ’. So
on this day the right topic to dwell on would be ‘Journalism ethics’.
Journalism ethics and standards comprise
principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific
challenges faced by journalists.
A journalist should observe the
principles of — truthfulness, accuracy, objectivity, impartiality, fairness and
public accountability — as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy
information and its subsequent dissemination to the public.
Journalism ethics include the principle
of "limitation of harm." This often involves the withholding of
certain details from reports such as the names of minor children, crime
victims' names or information not materially related to particular news reports
release of which might, for example, harm someone's reputation.
News based on race, religion, sexual
orientation, and physical or mental disabilities should be avoided.
The Society of Professional Journalist
in U.S.
has come up with Code of Ethics which starts like this: “...public
enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. The
duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing
a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious
journalists from all media and specialties strive to serve the public with
thoroughness and honesty. Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a
journalist's credibility.”
The Radio-Television News Directors
Association, an organization exclusively centered on electronic journalism,
maintains a code of ethics centering on public trust, truthfulness, fairness,
integrity, independence and accountability.
The following are the code of ethics for
newspaper Reporters: (1) Reporters are expected to be as accurate as possible
given the time allotted to story preparation and the space available, and to
seek reliable sources. (2) Events with a single eyewitness are reported with
attribution. Events with two or more independent eyewitnesses may be reported
as fact. Controversial facts are reported with attribution. (3) Independent
fact-checking by another employee of the publisher is desirable. (4) Corrections are published when errors are
discovered. (5) Defendants at trial are treated only as having
"allegedly" committed crimes, until conviction, when their crimes are
generally reported as fact (unless, that is, there is serious controversy about
wrongful conviction). (6) Opinion surveys and statistical information deserve
special treatment to communicate in precise terms any conclusions, to
contextualize the results, and to specify accuracy, including estimated error
and methodological criticism or flaws.
The Society of Professional Journalists'
code of ethics offers the following advice: (1) Show compassion for those who
may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when
dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects. (2) Be sensitive
when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or
grief. (3) Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or
discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance. (4) Recognize
that private people have a greater right to control information about
themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence or
attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into anyone's
privacy. (5) Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity. (6) Be
cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes. (7) Be
judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges.
(8) Balance a criminal suspect's fair trial rights with the public's right to
be informed.
Thus an organization earns and maintains
a strong reputation, in part, through a consistent implementation of ethical
standards, which influence its position with the public and within the
industry.